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The artificial neuron is a computer program established according to the operating scheme of the biological neuron.

What is a “Biological” neuron?

The biological neuron differs from the artificial neuron because it is a specialized cell of the organism.

It is the basic unit of our brain which would contain billions of them.

The electrical properties of biological neurons inspired the inventors of the artificial neuron.

The biological neuron has the particularity of producing an electrical signal under certain conditions and transmitting it.

It is by this electrical signal that the diffusion of the nervous message takes place.

The dendrites:

The neuron is a cell in relation to the outside through its dendrites.

The dendrites form the entrance to the neuron and are very numerous.

The dendrites react to surrounding events which are capable of triggering a stimulus at the level of the dentrites.

The dendrite reacts by creating an electrical discharge also called action potential which is directed towards the cell body.

The cellular body:

The cell body receives electrical impulses from all the dendrites.

This produces a summation of the intensity of all the influxes received.

If the sum exceeds a certain threshold, the electrical discharge is transmitted to the axon.

The axon:

The axon is the unique exit route of the neuron.

The axon branches into multiple expansions that link it to other cells via synapses.

Thus, the information diffuses to the outside of the neuron.

The synapse:

This is the place where the connection between 2 neurons occurs, more precisely between a dendrite and an axon.

One of its edges is the termination of an axon, the other is the origin of a dendrite.

The axon of one neuron is therefore linked to the dendrite of the next neuron.