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Organization of his psyche which, by allowing him to know his states, his acts and their moral value, allows him to feel that he exists, to be present to himself. Knowledge that man has of his states, his acts and their moral value.
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Man's perception of his own existence and the world around him.
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Knowledge, intuitive or immediate reflexive, that each has of his existence and that of the outside world.
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Clear mental representation of the existence, of the reality of this or that thing : the experience gave him an acute awareness of the danger.
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Psychology :
Synthesis function that allows a subject to analyze his current experience according to the structure of his personality and to project himself into the future.
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In the psychological sense, it is defined as the "immediate or mediate internalized relationship that a being is able to establish with the world in which he lives or with himself". In this sense, it is frequently linked, among others, to notions of knowledge, emotion, existence, intuition, thought, psyche, phenomenon, subjectivity, sensation, and reflexivity. This meaning corresponds for example to the German Bewusstsein and to the English consciousness, and in French to the more precise expression "state of consciousness". Consciousness is "this ability to subjectively relate to us our own mental states.
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In the moral sense, it designates the “mental capacity to make moral value judgments […] on acts performed by oneself or by others”. In this sense, it corresponds for example to the German Gewissen and to the English conscience.
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Apprehension by a subject of what is happening inside and outside of himself.
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What is apprehended by consciousness, all the phenomena of the mental life of a subject in the waking state.
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(Moral) Ability to make moral judgments, to know good and evil.
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We distinguish spontaneous consciousness, simple impression or feeling of something, and reflective consciousness, by which the mind returns to the impressions of spontaneous consciousness. I am spontaneously aware of the delicious taste of this dessert, but it is out of thoughtful awareness that I realize that there is cinnamon in it.
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Consciousness does not have the same content in a man and in an animal. Obviously, the cat and I are not afraid of the same thing when it comes to the bowl of kibble.
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Note :
Knowing, understanding and defining consciousness is still a challenge today. Barberousse presents consciousness as “an unfathomable mystery for biology, neuroscience, psychology and philosophy”. Nadeau sees in it "the most inspiring and deepest source of problems in all of philosophy".
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Consciousness is the mental faculty of apprehending in a subjective way the external phenomena (for example, in the form of sensations) or internal (such as its emotional states) and more generally its own existence. If I am sad or happy and realize that I am sad or happy, for example, then I become aware of my emotional states. One of the great challenges of contemporary cognitive neuroscience is the study of what are called the neural correlates of consciousness, that is to say the mechanisms that allow the brain to realize this faculty.
Conscience thus defined should not be confused with moral conscience.
It is important to distinguish :
Consciousness as a mental phenomenon linked to the perception and intentional manipulation of mental representations, which includes :
Consciousness of the world which is in relation with the perception of the outside world, of living beings endowed or not with consciousness in the environment and in society (others).
awareness of self and of what is happening in the mind of an individual: internal perceptions (own body), aspects of his personality and actions (self identity, cognitive operations, propositional attitudes).
Moral conscience, respect for ethical rules.
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The word has two meanings: the faculty of knowing the world and oneself, or "psychological awareness"; moral conscience, which is the ability to recognize good and evil.
The moral conscience is inhabited by universal principles, such as "do good and avoid evil", the golden rule, or the great prohibitions of murder, theft, lying, etc. Consciousness must be formed. Faced with a situation, she must enlighten herself, which she does by deliberating.
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The word consciousness comes from cum and scire, which means "to know with". Consciousness is indeed a knowledge which is with itself, which accompanies us.
This term is used in everyday language through multiple expressions such as "to be aware of something", "to be aware of something", "to have a good or bad conscience".
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